![]() ![]() The symbol nfr (□), meaning beautiful, was also used to indicate the base level in drawings of tombs and pyramids and distances were measured relative to the base line as being above or below this line. ![]() Zero and negative numbers nfrīy 1740 BCE, the Egyptians had a symbol for zero in accounting texts. On the original stone carving, it is right-to-left, and the signs are thus reversed. In this example the symbols decrease in value from top to bottom and from left to right. For instance, a stone carving from Karnak shows the number 4,622 as:Įgyptian hieroglyphs could be written in both directions (and even vertically). Multiples of these values were expressed by repeating the symbol as many times as needed. The following hieroglyphs were used to denote powers of ten: ![]() The hieratic form of numerals stressed an exact finite series notation, ciphered one-to-one onto the Egyptian alphabet. The Egyptians had no concept of a place-valued system such as the decimal system. It was a system of numeration based on multiples of ten, often rounded off to the higher power, written in hieroglyphs. The system of ancient Egyptian numerals was used in Ancient Egypt from around 3000 BCE until the early first millennium CE. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters. ![]()
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